When it comes to herb farming in Kenya, there’s a world of exciting opportunities waiting for agricultural enthusiasts. With our good climate and fertile soils, Kenya is like a herb paradise where you can grow all sorts of herbs that taste amazing and have great health benefits. It’s not just about following the trend of eating healthy and natural stuff; it’s about being a part of something bigger.
Imagine growing super nutritious Moringa leaves or having your own supply of fragrant basil and soothing lavender. It’s not only good for your wallet but also good for the environment and the people who enjoy your herbs. You can pick the best herbs that fit the different areas and climates of Kenya, making sure they thrive and bring in some good income.
In this article we highlight the most profitable herbs to grow in Kenya
Basil Farming
Kenya is currently the leading supplier of basil, an aromatic herb, to Europe which sources 80% of its supplies for the fresh produce market, from Kenya. This is after hot temperature conditions hit production of the crop in Italy, Europe’s main supply point. Basil, which is popularly used in Kenya as salad and to add flavour to local delicacies.
Basil farming is a profitable business in Kenya. The country has a favorable climate for growing basil, and there is a growing demand for the herb both locally and internationally.
Basil is a warm-season herb that requires at least 6-8 hours of sunlight per day. It can be grown in open fields or in greenhouses. If grown in open fields, the soil should be well-drained and fertile. If grown in greenhouses, the temperature should be maintained at 20-25 degrees Celsius.
Basil seeds are sown in a nursery and transplanted to the field or greenhouse after 4-6 weeks. The plants should be spaced about 10-15 cm apart. Basil is a relatively low-maintenance crop, but it needs to be watered regularly, especially during hot weather. It also needs to be fertilized every 2-3 weeks.
- Climate: Basil is a warm-season herb that prefers temperatures of 20-25 degrees Celsius. It can tolerate some light frost, but will not survive prolonged cold weather.
- Soil: Basil prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6-7.5. The soil should be amended with compost or manure to improve drainage and fertility.
- Sunlight: Basil requires at least 6-8 hours of sunlight per day.
Water: Basil needs to be watered regularly, especially during hot weather. The soil should be kept moist, but not soggy. - Fertilizer: Basil needs to be fertilized every 2-3 weeks with a balanced fertilizer.
- Harvesting: Basil can be harvested 6-8 weeks after transplanting. The leaves are picked as needed. Basil can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week.
Here are some tips for basil farming in Kenya:
- If you are growing basil in open fields, choose a location that is sheltered from the wind.
- If you are growing basil in greenhouses, the temperature should be maintained at 20-25 degrees Celsius.
- Basil can be grown from seeds or seedlings. If you are starting from seeds, sow them 1/2 inch deep in a well-drained potting mix.
- Thin the seedlings to 10-12 inches apart once they have developed two sets of true leaves.
- Mulch around the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
- Water the plants regularly, especially during hot weather.
- Fertilize the plants every 2-3 weeks with a balanced fertilizer.
- Inspect the plants regularly for pests and diseases and take steps to control them as soon as they are identified.
- Harvest the leaves as needed. Basil can be used fresh or dried.
The average basil production per acre in Kenya is estimated to be around 4,500-9,000 kilograms. This is higher than the global average of 3,000-6,000 kilograms per acre. The higher production in Kenya is due to the favorable climate and the use of good farming practices.
Lavender Farming
Lavender farming is a relatively new agricultural venture in Kenya, but it has the potential to be a profitable one. The country has a favorable climate for growing lavender, and there is a growing demand for the herbs both locally and internationally.
Choosing the right lavender variety is crucial. English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and French lavender (Lavandula stoechas) are two common varieties grown in Kenya. English lavender is valued for its oil production, while French lavender has distinctive bracts that add visual appeal.
Lavender can be grown from seeds or cuttings. Cutting is the best and most common way to propagate lavender. Most lavender seedlings sellers sell between 250-500 Kshs depending on variety.
Lavender plants can be harvested 2-3 years after planting. The flowers are typically harvested in the summer, when they are in full bloom. The flowers can be dried or used fresh.
The demand for lavender products is growing rapidly, both locally and internationally. Lavender oil is used in a variety of products, including perfumes, cosmetics, and aromatherapy products. Lavender flowers can be used to make tea, potpourri, and essential oils.
Ecological Requirements on Lavender farming in Kenya
- Altitude of 1000- 1700 metres above sea level.
- Well drained and aerated soils with pH of 6-8.
- Enough sunlight.
- Enough water during growth stage.
- Soil rich in organic matter.
Lavender plants require proper spacing to grow well. The recommended spacing for lavender within rows is 2-3 feet and 3-5 feet between rows. With this spacing, an acre can hold approximately 15,000 to 20,000 lavender plants.
Lavender is a slow-growing plant that takes 2-5 years to fully mature. Harvesting is best done early in the morning once half or 50% of the flower buds have opened.
An acre of lavender produces from 100 to 200 kg of dried flowers. On average, you might expect to obtain around 30 to 60 liters of lavender essential oil per acre of well-established lavender plants.
Lavender costs around 3,000 Kshs per Kg in Kenya.
Rosemary Farming
Rosemary farming is a profitable business in Kenya. The country has a favorable climate for growing rosemary, and there is a growing demand for the herb both locally and internationally.
Rosemary is a Mediterranean plant that prefers a warm, dry climate. The ideal temperature range for rosemary cultivation is 15-25 degrees Celsius. The plant also requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Rosemary can be grown from seeds or cuttings. If you are starting from seeds, sow them indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost. If you are starting from cuttings, plant them in the spring or fall.
Rosemary plants need to be watered regularly, especially during the first year of growth. They should also be fertilized every 2-3 weeks with a balanced fertilizer.
Rosemary plants can be harvested 2-3 years after planting. The leaves can be harvested throughout the year, but the best time to harvest is in the spring or fall. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
The demand for rosemary products is growing rapidly, both locally and internationally. Rosemary oil is used in a variety of products, including perfumes, cosmetics, and aromatherapy products. Rosemary leaves can be used to make tea, potpourri, and essential oils.
The profitability of rosemary farming in Kenya depends on a number of factors, including the quality of the produce, the marketing strategy, and the cost of production. However, the overall potential for profit is high.
Ecological Requirements on rosemary farming in Kenya
- Full exposure to sunlight, 6-8 hours daily.
- Altitude between 0-2000m above sea level.
- Well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0- 7.0.
- Moderate rainfall/ water during the growth stage.
- Ideal temperature of 20°c and 15°c- 30°c for optimal growth.
The average rosemary yield in Kenya is estimated to be around 2500-4000 kilograms per acre. This is higher than the global average of 1500-2000 kilograms per acre. The higher production in Kenya is due to the favorable climate and the use of good farming practices.
The cost of rosemary per Kg in Kenya is between 800 – 1350 Kshs.
Oregano Farming
Oregano is a culinary and medicinal herb from the mint, or Lamiaceae family. It has been used in medicine and cooking for thousands of years. It adds flavor, and it may have a number of health benefits.
Oregano can be propagated through seeds or cuttings. Seed propagation is common, and seeds can be started indoors or directly sown in the field. Cuttings can also be used to propagate specific varieties.
- Plant oregano in spring, once all chances of frost have passed. The long stems look great spilling over the edges of containers and also work well as a ground cover.
- Space oregano plants 8 to 10 inches apart in a sunny spot with fertile, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.5 to 7.0. Offer partial shade if growing in warm climates.
- Give young plants fertile soil to take root in by mixing several inches of aged compost or other rich organic matter into your native soil.
- Keep soil consistently moist and water when the top inch becomes dry.
- Encourage fabulous leaf production by regularly feeding with a water-soluble plant food.
There are 3800-4500 seeds per gram of oregano seeds. If you plant directly in the ground (not recommended) you need 2.5-3kg of seeds per hectare or about 1 kilogram per acre. It is better to first sow in flats or plug trays and then transplant to the field when the plants are strong enough to withstand transplanting at 4 weeks; and you will need about 200-500 grams per hectare, or 80-200 grams per acre.
Oregano can usually be harvested for leaves after about 70 to 90 days from transplanting or about 90 to 120 days from sowing the seeds. This timeline can vary depending on factors such as temperature, soil fertility, and plant health.
Under optimal conditions, you might expect to harvest around 800 to 1,200 kilograms of oregano leaves per acre.
Cost of oregano per Kg in Kenya is around 1,500 – 2,500 Kshs.
Chives Farming
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a popular culinary herb known for their mild onion flavor. Chives are relatively easy to grow and can be a valuable addition to a small-scale farming operation in Kenya.
Chives are a cool-season herb that prefers temperatures of 15-25 degrees Celsius. They can tolerate some light frost, but will not survive prolonged cold weather. Chives are also tolerant of heat, but they will not grow as well in hot climates.
Chives can be grown from seeds or from root divisions. If you are starting from seeds, sow them 1/4 inch deep and 1-2 inches apart. Chive seeds can take up to 2 weeks to germinate. If you are starting from root divisions, plant them 2-3 inches deep and 6-8 inches apart.
Chives are relatively easy to grow and require low maintenance. They need full sun and well-drained soil. The soil should be kept moist, but not soggy. Chives do not need to be fertilized often, but you can apply a balanced fertilizer once a year.
The demand for chives products is growing rapidly, both locally and internationally. Chives are used in a variety of dishes, including omelets, soups, and salads. They are also used in making dips and sauces.
The profitability of chives farming in Kenya depends on a number of factors, including the quality of the produce, the marketing strategy, and the cost of production. However, the overall potential for profit is high.
Chives takes about 45 days to mature after which farmers harvest a crop every 20-25 days for up to three years, and a greenhouse measuring 240 sq m produces up to 150 kg. A perennial crop, chives is easy to grow and is rarely attacked by pests and diseases. All these factors, along with a steady export demand, have made it a very attractive crop for the farmers.
- Climate: Chives are a cool-season herb that prefers temperatures of 15-25 degrees Celsius. They can tolerate some light frost, but will not survive prolonged cold weather. Chives are also tolerant of heat, but they will not grow as well in hot climates.
- Soil: Chives prefer well-drained soil with a pH of 6-7.5. The soil should be fertile and contain plenty of organic matter.
- Water: Chives need regular watering, especially during hot weather. The soil should be kept moist, but not soggy.
- Sunlight: Chives need full sun to thrive.
- Fertilization: Chives do not need to be fertilized often, but you can apply a balanced fertilizer once a year.
- Pests and diseases: Chives are relatively pest- and disease-resistant. However, they can be susceptible to aphids, slugs, and snails.
The main market for chives is Netherlands where it is sold at between 380 Kshs and 450 Kshs per Kg.
The average yield of chives per acre in Kenya is estimated to be around 2,200 kilograms though some farmers have reported to as high as 5,000Kgs.
Sage Farming
Sage is an aromatic herb known for its distinct flavor and medicinal properties. Sage farming can be a viable venture in Kenya, especially considering the increasing demand for culinary herbs and natural remedies.
Sage grows best in warm, dry climates with full sunlight.
It thrives in a well-draining, rich, clay loams with an optimum pH of 5 – 7.5 and should be planted in full sun, although some afternoon shade is tolerated.
Sage plants require warm temperatures and ample sunlight in order to produce high essential oil content in the leaves.
The planting site should protected from wind.
The expected yield of sage per acre can vary widely based on factors such as growing conditions, cultivation practices, specific sage variety, and the care provided to the plants. On average, under optimal conditions, you might expect to harvest an average of around 1,000 to 2,000 kilograms of fresh sage leaves per acre.
Sage is harvested for its leaves (fresh and dry plant material) and for the essential oil. In general, we can harvest 2 or even 3 times a year and has a lifespan of around 15 years. However, performing multiple harvesting sessions per year is not an easy task and requires experience. It may also require irrigation and fertilization between the harvesting sessions so that the plants will be encouraged to regenerate quickly. We can proceed to multiple harvesting sessions from the second year onwards.
Peppermint Farming
Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) farming can be a lucrative venture in Kenya due to the high demand for its essential oil, which has various applications in food, cosmetics, and medicinal products. Peppermint is a fast-growing herb with a refreshing aroma and flavor.
Peppermint plant is resilient and can grow in almost any well drained soil; however, the average plant can thrive in certain soil conditions. Growing commercially peppermint involves a series of activities. Once established, plants can normally produce material for 4-5 years. Most farmers then plow and destroy the crop, so as to plant new rootstocks or to make a crop rotation.
Planting, Irrigation, Fertilization, Weed Control and Harvesting are very important and affect greatly the final yield. These activities represent the majority of costs. Processing, storing and distillation methods are also extremely important for the final quantity and quality of essential oil.
- Climate: Peppermint is a cool, moist-loving herb that prefers temperatures of 15-25 degrees Celsius. It can tolerate some light frost, but will not survive prolonged cold weather.
- Soil: Peppermint prefers well-drained, loamy soil with a pH of 6-7.5. The soil should be fertile and contain plenty of organic matter.
- Water: Peppermint needs regular watering, especially during hot weather. The soil should be kept moist, but not soggy.
- Sunlight: Peppermint needs full sun to thrive.
- Fertilization: Peppermint does not need to be fertilized often, but you can apply a balanced fertilizer once a year.
- Pests and diseases: Peppermint is relatively pest- and disease-resistant. However, it can be susceptible to aphids, spider mites, and powdery mildew.
The yield potential of peppermint farming in Kenya per acre can vary depending on a number of factors, including the variety of peppermint grown, the climate, the soil quality, and the farming practices used. However, in general, peppermint can produce between 15-20 tons per hectare, or 7 tons per acre.
The average dry material yield of peppermint is 3 tons per hectare, or 1.2 tons per acre.
Mint plants do not produce seed, therefore new mint stands are started by rhizomes or stolons (rootstock). Approximately 10,000 mint rootstocks are needed to plant one acre. An acre of well-established mint will typically yield enough rootstock to plant between 10 and 15 acres.
The maturity period of peppermint is about 60-90 days after sowing. However, the exact maturity period can vary depending on the variety of peppermint grown, the climate, and the soil conditions.
Peppermint is a perennial plant, which means that it can live for several years. However, the leaves of peppermint plants are most flavorful and potent during the first year of growth. After that, the leaves may become less flavorful and the plant may start to decline.
If you are growing peppermint for commercial purposes, you will need to replant the crop every year to ensure the highest quality of leaves. However, if you are growing peppermint for personal use, you can allow the plant to grow for several years and harvest the leaves as needed.
It’s important to note that peppermint is often harvested multiple times in a growing season, especially if it’s being grown for its leaves. Regular harvesting encourages new growth and can result in several harvests throughout the growing season.
The retail price range in Kenyan Shilling for peppermint oil is between KES 11,000 and KES 14,000 per kilogram
Cumin Farming
Cumin is a flowering plant known for its aromatic seeds that are used as a spice in various cuisines and for their potential medicinal properties. While cumin is traditionally associated with regions with warmer and drier climates, such as parts of Asia and the Middle East, it is possible to cultivate cumin in Kenya under certain conditions. Here’s an overview of cumin farming in Kenya:
Cumin is a hardy annual herb that prefers dry, hot climates. The ideal temperature range for cumin cultivation is 15-30 degrees Celsius. The plant also requires full sun and well-drained soil.
- Climate: Cumin is a hardy annual herb that prefers dry, hot climates. The ideal temperature range for cumin cultivation is 15-30 degrees Celsius. The plant can also be grown in cooler climates, as long as the soil is well-drained.
- Soil: Cumin prefers sandy loam soil with a pH of 6-7.5. The soil should be well-drained and fertile.
- Water: Cumin is drought-tolerant, but it needs regular watering during the first year of growth. The soil should be kept moist, but not soggy.
- Sunlight: Cumin needs full sun to thrive.
- Pests and diseases: Cumin is relatively pest- and disease-resistant. However, it can be susceptible to aphids, spider mites, and rust.
Cumin can be grown from seeds. The seeds should be sown directly in the ground 1/2 inch deep and 1-2 inches apart. Cumin seeds can take up to 2 weeks to germinate.
Cumin plants need to be watered regularly, especially during the first year of growth. They do not need to be fertilized often, but you can apply a balanced fertilizer once a year.
Typically, it takes a cumin crop 110–115 days to achieve maturity. Plants turn a yellowish-brown colour when the crop is ready to be harvested. By cutting/uprooting the entire plant, harvesting should be done in the morning. The harvested crop has to be dried in the threshing yard before the seeds are separated. Winnowing should be used to clean seeds. Usually, the shelf life of cumin seeds is somewhere around 2 years.
Cumin yield can vary widely based on several factors including growing conditions, cultivation practices, and the specific cumin variety being grown. On average, under optimal conditions, you might expect to harvest around 300 to 500 kilograms of cumin seeds per acre.
The demand for cumin products is growing rapidly, both locally and internationally. Cumin is used in a variety of dishes, including curries, stews, and pickles. The seeds are also used in making perfumes and incense.
The retail price range for cumin seeds is between KES 600 and KES 1,000 per kilogram in Kenya.
Bay Leaf Farming
Bay leaf is a popular aromatic herb used for culinary purposes and has potential in the market for its leaves. Bay leaf farming in Kenya can be a profitable venture due to the demand for this versatile herb. Here’s an overview of bay leaf farming in Kenya:
- Climate: Bay leaves are a perennial evergreen shrub that prefers warm, moist climates. The ideal temperature range for bay leaf cultivation is 18-30 degrees Celsius. The plant can also tolerate some frost, but it is best to grow it in a climate where the temperature does not drop below 10 degrees Celsius.
- Soil: Bay leaves prefer well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a pH of 6-7.5.
- Sunlight: Bay leaves need full sun to thrive.
- Water: Bay leaves need regular watering, especially during the first year of growth. The soil should be kept moist, but not soggy.
- Fertilization: Bay leaves do not need to be fertilized often, but you can apply a balanced fertilizer once a year.
- Pests and diseases: Bay leaves are relatively pest- and disease-resistant. However, they can be susceptible to mealybugs and scale insects.
Bay Leaf Production:
- Per Tree: A single bay leaf tree can yield around 35 kg of dried leaves per year.
- Per Acre: If you consider an acre with a tree population of around 200 trees, the bay leaf yield would be approximately 7,000 kg (200 trees * 35 kg/tree).
- Per Plant Population: For other plant populations, you can calculate the yield by multiplying the number of trees by 35 kg/tree.
Plant Population and Recommended Spacing:
- Plant Population: A common plant population for bay leaf farming is around 200 trees per acre.
- Recommended Spacing: Considering the planting of 200 trees per acre, the recommended spacing could be approximately 5 meters between trees in rows and between rows. This spacing allows for good growth and airflow between the trees.
Bay leaf plants can be harvested 2-3 years after planting.
FAQs on Herb Farming In Kenya
**1. Q: What is herb farming? A: Herb farming involves the cultivation of various aromatic plants for culinary, medicinal, aromatic, or cosmetic purposes. Herbs are known for their flavors, fragrances, and potential health benefits.
- Q: What are some popular herbs grown in Kenya? A: Some popular herbs grown in Kenya include basil, parsley, coriander, mint, thyme, rosemary, oregano, and sage.
- Q: Can I start herb farming as a beginner? A: Yes, herb farming can be suitable for beginners. Many herbs are relatively easy to grow and require minimal space and resources.
- Q: What climate is suitable for herb farming in Kenya? A: Kenya has diverse climatic zones. For herb farming, areas with moderate temperatures and well-draining soil are generally suitable. Highland regions are often favorable.
- Q: How do I start herb farming in Kenya? A: Start by selecting suitable herb varieties, preparing the soil, obtaining quality seeds or plants, and following proper planting and care practices.
- Q: Do herbs require special soil? A: Herbs generally prefer well-draining, fertile soil. Adding organic matter can improve soil structure and fertility.
- Q: What is the ideal spacing for herb plants? A: Spacing varies by herb type, but a common guideline is to space plants about 20 to 30 cm apart in rows.
- Q: How often should I water my herbs? A: Herbs require consistent moisture but should not be waterlogged. Water when the top inch of soil is dry.
- Q: Can I grow herbs in containers? A: Yes, many herbs can be successfully grown in containers, making them suitable for small spaces or urban farming.
- Q: How do I prevent pests in herb farming? A: Regular monitoring, proper spacing, companion planting, and using natural pest control methods can help manage pests.
- Q: When can I harvest herbs? A: Herbs can be harvested once they reach a sufficient size. Harvest in the morning when essential oil levels are higher.
- Q: How do I preserve harvested herbs? A: Herbs can be dried, frozen, or used fresh. Drying is a common method to extend shelf life.
- Q: Is herb farming profitable in Kenya? A: Herb farming can be profitable due to high demand in culinary, medicinal, and cosmetic industries. Success depends on factors like market demand and proper management.
- Q: Can I sell herbs locally? A: Yes, there is a local market for fresh and dried herbs in Kenya. You can also explore value-added products like teas and essential oils.
- Q: Where can I find more information about herb farming? A: You can consult local agricultural extension offices, attend workshops, and seek advice from experienced herb farmers. Additionally, you can explore online resources and platforms like Farmers Trend (www.farmerstrend.co.ke), which provide valuable insights and trends in the agricultural industry, including herb farming practices and success stories in Kenya.