Pixie orange farming in Kenya paints a vibrant picture of agricultural innovation, where farming of these small, citrus wonders has taken root. The practice of growing pixie oranges in Kenya has gained momentum, drawing the attention of farmers, consumers, and sustainability advocates alike. The demand for pixie oranges in Kenya is relatively high while the supply is still low.
Origins and Evolution of Pixie Orange Farming in Kenya
Pixie oranges, those delightful citrus fruits that burst with flavor, have a fascinating origin story intricately woven into the history of citrus cultivation. While they might seem like a recent agricultural wonder, these tiny fruits of taste have a lineage that stretches back in time.
The story begins with the larger family of citrus fruits, which have been cultivated for centuries around the world for their juicy pulp, tangy taste, and versatile uses. The specific lineage of pixie oranges can be traced to a chance mutation that occurred in California, USA. In the mid-20th century, citrus growers noticed a small tree among their larger orange orchards, bearing unusually small fruit that retained all the delightful citrus characteristics but on a more compact scale. This marked the birth of the pixie orange.
The introduction of pixie orange farming to Kenya took place as a result of both deliberate efforts and the natural dissemination of knowledge. Kenyan citrus farmers, always on the lookout for varieties that thrive in their climate, got wind of the pixie orange’s unique qualities. With its adaptability to different growing conditions and the allure of its small, flavorful fruits, the pixie orange caught the attention of forward-thinking farmers.
Intrigued by the prospect of diversification and the economic potential of a better citrus variety, Kenyan farmers embarked on a journey to cultivate pixie oranges. They combined traditional farming methods with modern horticultural techniques, adapting their methods to suit the specific needs of this small fruit. As a result, pixie orange orchards began to dot the Kenyan landscape, adding a burst of color and flavor.
What sets pixie oranges apart, aside from their size, is their intense sweetness, thin skin, and minimal seeds. These characteristics make them not only a delight but also a sought-after fruit in both local and international markets. Kenya’s entry into the world of pixie orange farming wasn’t just a step towards diversification; it was a testament to the country’s commitment to sustainable and innovative agricultural practices.
Best Pixie Orange Growing Regions In Kenya
The best zones for pixie orange farming in Kenya are those that have a warm climate with plenty of sunshine. The ideal temperature range for pixie orange trees is 15-30 degrees Celsius. The trees also need at least 6 hours of sunlight per day.
While Pixie oranges can thrive in warmer climates, they may also do well at higher altitudes where temperatures are moderate. This could include regions with altitudes between 1000 to 2000 meters above sea level.
Some of the best zones for pixie orange farming in Kenya include:
- Coastal Regions: Coastal areas of Kenya, such as Mombasa and Malindi, have a warm and humid climate. This type of climate can be favorable for mandarin orange cultivation, including Pixie oranges, due to the higher humidity and warmth.
- Central Rift Valley: The Central Rift Valley region, including areas around Nairobi, can provide suitable conditions for Pixie orange cultivation. The slightly cooler temperatures compared to coastal areas can still be conducive to mandarin orange growth.
- Eastern and Southeastern Lowlands: These regions also have favorable climatic conditions for mandarin orange cultivation, with warm temperatures and relatively well-defined wet and dry seasons.
- Nyanza Region: Some parts of the Nyanza region, such as Kisumu, have a relatively warm climate that could support citrus cultivation, including Pixie oranges.
- Western Region: Areas like Kakamega and Bungoma in the western part of Kenya might have favorable conditions for citrus farming, especially at lower elevations.
- Southern Rift Valley: Regions like Nakuru and Naivasha in the southern Rift Valley could offer suitable conditions due to their moderate temperatures and well-defined seasons.
- Western Highlands: The western highlands, including areas like Kericho and Nandi Hills, might provide opportunities for citrus farming at higher altitudes.
- Eastern Highlands: Some parts of the eastern highlands, such as Meru and Embu, could potentially have the right combination of altitude and climate for Pixie orange cultivation.
Ecological Requirements On pixie Orange Farming In Kenya
Suitable Climate on Pixie Orange Farming In Kenya
Pixie oranges thrive in warm and subtropical climates. They require a climate characterized by wet and dry seasons to ensure proper growth and fruit development. Frost is detrimental to citrus trees, so areas with potential frost risks should be avoided. The recommended temperature range for Pixie orange farming is typically between 15°C and 30°C.
Suitable Altitude on Pixie Orange Farming In Kenya
Altitude plays a significant role in Pixie orange cultivation. While these oranges can be grown at varying altitudes, the ideal range is generally between 1000 to 2000 meters above sea level. At higher altitudes, temperatures are more moderate, which can help mitigate extreme heat and cold stress.
Best Soil For Pixie Orange Farming In Kenya
Well-draining, fertile soil is essential for healthy Pixie orange trees. Sandy loam or loamy soils are preferred, as they provide good drainage while retaining enough moisture. Conducting soil tests before planting is crucial to determine the pH, nutrient content, and any necessary amendments.
Pixie orange trees prefer well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a pH of 6.0-6.5. Pixie orange trees can also tolerate slightly acidic soils, but they will not do well in alkaline soils.
Water Requirement On Pixie Orange Farming In Kenya
Adequate and consistent water supply is crucial throughout the growing and fruiting seasons. Pixie orange trees require regular irrigation, especially during dry periods, to ensure proper growth and fruit quality. Drip irrigation is often recommended to provide targeted and efficient water delivery.
Rainfall on pixie orange farming
Pixie orange farming is best suited to areas with well-distributed rainfall. An annual rainfall range of 800 to 1500 millimeters is generally considered suitable. Rainfall should be adequate during the flowering and fruit development stages to ensure a good yield.
Sunlight requirement on orange farming
Citrus trees, including Pixie oranges, require plenty of sunlight to thrive. Planting the trees in locations with full sun exposure will promote healthy growth and fruit production.
Wind Protection on pixie orange farming
Strong winds can damage citrus trees and affect fruit quality. Planting windbreaks or providing some form of wind protection, such as hedgerows, can help shield the trees from excessive wind.
Spacing and Plant Population Per Acre On Pixie Orange Farming In Kenya
Pixie orange trees grow vigorously and has stout ascending branches with large leaves. Proper spacing should be considered when setting up pixie orchards. The recommended spacing of pixie orange trees is 4 meters between trees and 5 meters between rows. This gives each tree about 625 square meters of space. With this spacing, you can plant about 200 pixie orange trees per acre., some farmers opt for a 3m by 3m spacing resulting to a high population of about 333 pixie trees per acre.
The lines should run in an East-West direction. This allows for the penetration of maximum amount of sunshine especially during flowering and fruiting.
Pixie Orange Seedlings Propagation in Kenya
Pixie orange seedlings are commonly propagated through a process known as vegetative propagation, specifically through techniques such as grafting or budding. This ensures that the new trees inherit the desirable characteristics of the Pixie orange variety.
Grafted ready to plant pixie orange seedlings can also be acquired by certified nurseries in Kenya such as Farmers Trend via +254 724559286 or +254 790509684, the seedlings are also exported to other nations on special arrangements.
Rootstock Selection
Rootstock is the base plant onto which the Pixie orange scion (desired plant) will be grafted. The rootstock should be chosen for its disease resistance, vigor, and compatibility with the scion. Common citrus rootstocks used in Kenya include Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, and Cleopatra mandarin.
Scion Selection
The scion is the part of the plant that carries the desired characteristics, such as the Pixie orange variety. Choose healthy scion wood from a mature and disease-free Pixie orange tree. This wood is used to graft onto the rootstock.
Grafting Techniques
There are a few common grafting techniques used for propagating Pixie orange seedlings:
- Budding: In this method, a single bud or bud shield from the Pixie orange scion is inserted under the bark of the rootstock. This is typically done in late summer when the bark is easily separated from the underlying tissue.
- Whip-and-Tongue Grafting: This technique involves cutting matching tongues in both the scion and rootstock, which are then joined together and secured with a tape or rubber band. It requires precise cuts for successful union.
- Cleft Grafting: A cleft is made in the rootstock, and a scion with a matching shape is inserted. This method is often used for larger rootstocks and scions.
- Side-Veneer Grafting: In this technique, a scion with a diagonal cut is attached to the rootstock with a corresponding diagonal cut. This creates more surface area for contact and improves the chances of successful graft union.
Graft Care
After grafting, it’s important to protect the graft union from drying out. This can be achieved by using grafting tape or rubber bands to secure the scion to the rootstock. The grafted plants should be kept in a shaded and humid environment to encourage healing.
Once the graft has taken and the scion begins to grow, gradually acclimate the new seedlings to more sunlight and less humidity. Keep a close watch for any signs of pests, diseases, or stress.
Transplanting and Planting Pixie Orange
Transplanting and planting Pixie orange trees require careful preparation, proper timing, and attention to detail to ensure successful establishment and growth.
The planting holes should be well prepared by digging them 2 by 2 feet wide and having a depth of 2 feet as well. In many areas, the first foot is the top soil while the other half is the bottom soil and is different. We use the top soil in planting.
Mix the top soil well with 20Kg bucket decomposed manure and fill the mixture back into the hole leaving a depth of only about 10 cm. This space is to be used to hold irrigation water and additional manure.
If you are in areas whose soil is clay or black cotton, do not be discouraged. All you need to do during this preparation is add a bit of fine sand to the mixture of soil and manure. This will improve the internal soil drainage and your trees will thrive.
Site Selection
Choose a well-drained site with full sun exposure. The soil should be fertile, slightly acidic to neutral (pH around 6.0 to 6.5), and rich in organic matter. Avoid areas prone to waterlogging.
Transplanting Preparation
Transplanting is typically done with young Pixie orange trees that have been propagated through grafting. Here’s how to prepare for the transplant:
- Potting: If the young trees are in pots, make sure they are well-rooted and healthy. Use a quality potting mix to ensure good drainage.
- Hardening Off: If the trees were grown in a controlled environment, gradually expose them to outdoor conditions for a week or two before transplanting. This helps them adjust to temperature and light variations.
Transplanting Process
Transplanting should be done during the dormant season, ideally in early spring before new growth starts. Here’s how to transplant Pixie orange trees:
- Digging: Carefully dig around the base of the tree to lift it with as much of the rootball intact as possible.
- Root Pruning: If the rootball is large and tangled, consider pruning some of the roots to encourage new root growth once planted.
- Planting Hole: Dig a hole in the planting site that is slightly larger and deeper than the rootball. Holes should have a diameter of 2ft by 2ft and 2 feet deep. The top soil should then be mixed with well-decomposed manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting pixie orange trees
Follow these steps for proper planting:
- Placement: Place the Pixie orange tree in the planting hole at the same depth it was growing previously. The graft union should be above the soil line to prevent rootstock growth.
- Backfilling: Fill the hole with top soil mixed with 20Kg bucket of manure, gently firming it around the rootball as you go. Water lightly to settle the soil.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of the tree to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
Watering and Care
After planting, provide appropriate care to ensure the tree’s successful establishment:
- Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply and less frequently to encourage deep root growth.
- Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer formulated for citrus trees according to package instructions.
- Staking: If the tree is tall or in a windy area, provide temporary support with a stake to prevent root disturbance.
Monitoring
Regularly monitor the tree for signs of stress, pests, or diseases. Adjust watering and care practices as needed based on the tree’s response.
Expected Yield On a Pixie Orange Tree
The expected yield on pixie orange per tree can vary depending on a number of factors, including the variety of pixie orange tree, the climate, the soil, and the amount of care the tree receives. A mature pixie orange tree will start producing at 2nd year with proper management. However, a typical expected yield for pixie orange trees in Kenya is:
- Year 1: Growth
- Year 2: 30-100 fruits per tree
- Year 3: 100-200 fruits per tree
- Year 4: 200-300 fruits per tree
- Year 5: 300-400 fruits per tree
- Year 6: 400-550 fruits per tree
- Year 7: 550-700 fruits per tree
- Year 8: 700-850 fruits per tree
- Year 9: 850-1000 fruits per tree
- Year 10: 1000-1250 fruits per tree
It is important to note that these are just general guidelines. The actual yield of a pixie orange tree can be higher or lower depending on the factors mentioned above.
If pixie orange trees stay healthy – they have a lifespan that will continue to do so for half a century. However, their most productive period is between 10 and 40 years old.
Cost of Pixie Orange Production and Profitability Per Acre
A Kg of pixie orange goes for about 100-150Ksh during off season and around 80Kshs when the season is at its peak
Assumptions:
- Spacing: 4 meters between trees in a row, 5 meters between rows
- Trees per Acre: 200 trees (as per recommended spacing)
- Year 5 Yield per Tree: 40 kilograms
- Market Price per Kilogram: 150 Kenyan Shillings (Kshs)
Cost of pixie orange production
- Land preparation: Ksh 40,000 (assuming 200 holes @ Ksh 40/hole)
- Hole digging: Ksh 8,000 (200 holes @ Ksh 40/hole)
- Irrigation: Ksh 40,000
- Goat manure: Ksh 20,000
- Pest control: Ksh 15,000
- Other miscellaneous costs: Ksh 25,000
Total cost of production: Ksh 113,000
Expected yield
- Yield per tree: 40 kg
- Number of trees per acre: 200
- Total yield per acre: 8000 kg
Expected revenue
- Price per kg: Ksh 150
- Total revenue: 8000 * 150 = Ksh 1,200,000
Profit on pixie orange farming in Kenya
- Profit = Revenue – Cost
- Profit = 1,200,000 – 113,000 = Ksh 1,087,000
Therefore, the expected profit from pixie orange farming per acre is Ksh 1,087,000, even with the additional miscellaneous costs. This is still a very profitable venture.
Please note that the above calculations are simplified examples for illustrative purposes. Actual costs and profits can vary based on numerous factors, including actual expenses, market fluctuations, yield variations, and unforeseen challenges.
Challenges Pixie Orange Farmers Face In Kenya
Here are some more challenges that pixie orange farmers in Kenya face:
- Lack of access to quality seedlings: Pixie orange seedlings are not yet widely available in Kenya, and the ones that are available are often of poor quality. This can lead to low yields and productivity.
- High cost of production: The cost of production for pixie orange farming is relatively high, due to the cost of seedlings, fertilizer, and labor. This can make it difficult for small-scale farmers to get into pixie orange farming.
- Pests and diseases: Pixie oranges are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, such as thrips, mealybugs, and citrus greening disease. These pests and diseases can cause significant damage to crops, leading to low yields and productivity.
- Weather conditions: Pixie oranges are sensitive to weather conditions, such as drought and frost. These weather conditions can damage crops and reduce yields.
- Marketing challenges: Pixie oranges are a relatively new crop in Kenya, and there is not yet a well-established market for them. This can make it difficult for farmers to sell their produce at a good price.
- Labor shortages: Pixie orange farming is a labor-intensive crop, and there is a shortage of skilled labor in Kenya. This can make it difficult to find workers to plant, harvest, and care for the trees.
- Access to credit: Small-scale farmers often have difficulty accessing credit to finance their farming operations. This can make it difficult to invest in quality seedlings, fertilizer, and other inputs.
- Government policies: Government policies can sometimes make it difficult for farmers to succeed. For example, high taxes on agricultural inputs can make it difficult for farmers to afford the things they need to grow their crops.
- Environmental challenges: Climate change is causing more extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods. These events can damage crops and reduce yields.
- Inadequate infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure, such as roads and storage facilities, can make it difficult for farmers to transport their crops to market and get a good price.
Despite these challenges, pixie orange farming can be a profitable venture for farmers who are willing to overcome them. Pixie oranges are a high-value crop, and they are in high demand in Kenya. With proper planning and management, pixie orange farmers can overcome the challenges they face and achieve success.
Market Potential for Pixie Orange Farming in Kenya
The market potential for pixie orange farming in Kenya is very promising. Pixie oranges are a high-value crop, and they are in high demand in Kenya. They are also a relatively new crop in Kenya, so there is still a lot of room for growth in the market.
The market demand for pixie oranges is growing rapidly, with a wide range of consumers, including individuals, fruit kiosks, and juice-making shops.
Their vibrant color and irresistible taste have made them a highly sought-after fruit.
Despite the increasing demand, the supply of pixie oranges is still relatively low, leaving ample room for growth and market expansion.
Farmers who venture into pixie orange farming can tap into this growing market and establish themselves as key suppliers of high-quality pixie oranges.
Here are some of the factors that are driving the market potential for pixie orange farming in Kenya:
- Growing demand: The demand for pixie oranges is growing in Kenya, due to their sweet taste, high nutritional value, and easy to peel skin. They are also a good source of vitamin C, which is essential for good health.
- Increasing disposable income: The disposable income of Kenyans is increasing, which is leading to increased demand for high-value fruits such as pixie oranges.
- Growing middle class: The middle class in Kenya is growing, and this group is more likely to purchase pixie oranges than the lower income groups.
- Urbanization: The population of Kenya is becoming increasingly urbanized, and this is leading to increased demand for pixie oranges in urban areas.
- Export potential: Pixie oranges have the potential to be exported to other countries, such as the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. This would further boost the market potential for pixie orange farming in Kenya.
Overall, the market potential for pixie orange farming in Kenya is very promising. With proper planning and management, pixie orange farmers can achieve success in this market.
Pests and Diseases That Affect Pixie Orange Farming In Kenya
| Pest/Disease | Characteristics | Control Measures | Important Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pests | |||
| Aphids | Small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from leaves, causing distortion and curling. | – Introduce natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings. – Apply insecticidal soaps or neem oil. | Aphids reproduce rapidly, leading to infestations. Early detection and action are crucial. |
| Citrus Thrips | Tiny insects that feed on leaves, causing silvery scars and blemishes on fruits. | – Use reflective mulches. – Apply approved pesticides if needed. – Prune affected leaves. | Thrips can become resistant to pesticides. Rotate chemicals for effective control. |
| Fruit Flies | Small flies that lay eggs in developing fruits, leading to larvae-infested fruit. | – Use baited traps. – Implement proper sanitation to remove fallen fruits. | Promptly remove fallen or infested fruits to prevent population growth. |
| Whiteflies | Small, winged insects that cluster on the undersides of leaves, causing yellowing and leaf drop. | – Use yellow sticky traps. – Apply insecticidal soaps or neem oil. | Whiteflies can transmit viral diseases. Early control is essential to prevent spread. |
| Diseases | |||
| Citrus Canker | Bacterial disease causing raised lesions on leaves, fruits, and stems with a water-soaked appearance. | – Remove and destroy infected plant parts. – Copper-based sprays can help suppress the disease. | Proper sanitation and avoiding wet conditions can prevent the spread of the bacteria. |
| Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) | Bacterial disease transmitted by citrus psyllids, causing yellowing, decline, and small, bitter fruits. | – Control psyllid populations with insecticides. – Remove infected trees. | There is no cure for citrus greening. Integrated pest management is critical for prevention. |
| Alternaria Brown Spot | Fungal disease causing circular brown spots on leaves and fruit. | – Apply fungicides during wet seasons. – Remove infected leaves and fruits. | Good air circulation and pruning can reduce humidity and prevent disease spread. |
| Powdery Mildew | Fungal disease forming white, powdery growth on leaves and shoots. | – Apply sulfur-based fungicides. – Maintain proper spacing for air circulation. | Powdery mildew thrives in dry, warm conditions. Regular monitoring is important. |
Important Notes:
- Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, such as using biological controls, maintaining proper hygiene, and implementing cultural practices, can help minimize pesticide use.
- Regular scouting and monitoring are crucial for early pest and disease detection.
- Following proper irrigation and drainage practices can reduce conditions conducive to disease development.
- Implement a rotation of different chemicals to prevent pest resistance.
- Consult local agricultural extension officers or expert farmers for specific recommendations and guidance.
FAQs On Pixie Orange Farming In Kenya
- How many pixie oranges per acre?
An acre can accommodate about 200-270 pixie orange trees, depending on the spacing. The recommended spacing for pixie orange trees is 4 meters by 5 meters. This means that you can plant 200 trees in an acre if you space them 4 meters apart in rows and 5 meters apart between rows.
- How do you grow pixie oranges?
To grow pixie oranges, you need to choose a sunny spot with well-drained soil. The soil should have a pH between 6 and 7. You should also fertilize the soil regularly and water the trees deeply and regularly. Pixie orange trees are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, so you need to inspect the trees regularly and take steps to control pests and diseases.
- How profitable is pixie orange farming in Kenya?
Pixie orange farming is a very profitable venture in Kenya. The average price of a pixie orange in Kenya is Ksh 150 per kilogram. This means that you can expected profit from pixie orange farming per acre is Ksh 1,087,000 per year if you produce 8,000 kilograms of pixie oranges.
- How far apart do you plant pixie oranges in Kenya?
The recommended spacing for pixie orange trees in Kenya is 4 meters by 5 meters. This means that you can plant 200 trees in an acre if you space them 4 meters apart in rows and 5 meters apart between rows.
- How much are pixie oranges in Kenya?
The average price of a pixie orange in Kenya is Ksh 150 per kilogram. This means that a single pixie orange would cost around Ksh 15.
- What is the spacing for Pixies?
The recommended spacing for pixie orange trees is 4 meters by 5 meters. This means that you can plant 200 trees in an acre if you space them 4 meters apart in rows and 5 meters apart between rows.
- How much do pixie seedlings cost in Kenya?
The cost of pixie seedlings in Kenya varies depending on the source. However, you can expect to pay between Ksh 250 and Ksh 300 per seedling. You can purchase grafted pixie orange seedlings from reliable sellers like Farmers Trend or Fruit Africa via +254 724559286 or +254 790509684.
- How big is pixie tree?
Pixie orange trees can grow to be about 4 meters tall and 3 meters wide. However, they can be kept smaller by pruning.