White Sapote Fruit Farming in Kenya: A Guide to Successful Cultivation

White sapote is rarely known to majority of Kenyans but could be a thriving farming business that many farmers would venture into. However, the enormous productivity in addition to a potentially mature height of 30 to 50 feet and an extensive horizontal root system makes the fruit a debatable choice for the home garden.  The fruit is said to have numerous nutritional values among them being good source of potassium, iron and Vitamins A and C. The fruit is also rich in dietary Fiber.

The white sapote bears a medium-sized, round fruit with a sweet and somewhat delicate white flesh. Aside from the white sapote (C. edulis), there are about five other species in this genus. Typical specimens from the genus grow into small trees or large shrubs and are evergreen in tropical regions.

They can be grown in large containers indoors, although as with all tropical fruit, bringing a specimen to fruit will be a challenge. Nevertheless, if you happen to get a white sapote fruit, it can still be fun to dry and sprout the seed and grow it as an ornamental. They are beautiful little trees with contorted and rough trunks and glossy leaves on drooping branches.

Suitable White Sapote Fruit Growing Regions In Kenya:

White Sapote can be cultivated in various regions of Kenya, but it thrives best in subtropical and tropical climates. Regions with moderate temperatures and well-defined seasons are ideal for this fruit. Some of the suitable regions for White Sapote fruit farming in Kenya include:

White sapote will grow anywhere that citrus is successfully cultivated, although it is known to thrive in tropical and subtropical areas, as long as the humidity is not too extreme.

• Coastal Areas: The coastal regions of Kenya, such as Mombasa, Malindi, and Lamu, offer favorable conditions for White Sapote cultivation. These areas have a warm and humid climate with relatively constant temperatures throughout the year.
• Lower Eastern Kenya: Regions like Machakos and Kitui, which fall within lower eastern Kenya, have subtropical climates and can support White Sapote farming with proper irrigation and soil management.
• Western Kenya: Some parts of western Kenya, including Kakamega and Bungoma, can also be suitable for White Sapote cultivation due to their moderate temperatures and adequate rainfall.

Suitable White Sapote Fruit Climatic Conditions:

White Sapote trees prefer a subtropical to tropical climate with moderate temperatures and ample sunlight. The optimal temperature range for growth is between 20°C to 30°C. While the trees can tolerate high temperatures, they may require additional irrigation during dry and hot spells.

Soil Requirements White Sapote Fruit Farming In Kenya:

White Sapote trees thrive in well-drained and fertile soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. They can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy loam, loam, and clay loam soils, as long as good drainage is ensured. Heavy clay soils with poor drainage should be avoided, as waterlogged conditions can lead to root rot and other problems.

To prepare the soil for White Sapote cultivation, incorporate well-composted organic matter to improve soil fertility and structure. Soil testing can help identify nutrient deficiencies and guide appropriate fertilizer application.

Irrigation:

White Sapote trees require regular and consistent moisture, especially during dry periods or when young. In regions with limited rainfall, supplemental irrigation is essential to ensure optimal tree growth and fruit development. Drip irrigation is a recommended method as it provides controlled and efficient water delivery to the root zone while minimizing water wastage.

Varieties Of White Sapote

Here are some popular White Sapote varieties:

1. Mexican Cream: The Mexican Cream variety is one of the most common and widely cultivated White Sapote varieties. It is known for its creamy and custard-like texture, hence the name “Cream.” The fruit has a sweet and delicate flavor, making it a favorite among White Sapote enthusiasts.
2. Casimiroa Gregori: This variety is named after its discoverer, Dr. Gregorio Mendez, and is also known as the Gregori White Sapote. The fruit is medium-sized and has a smooth skin. Casimiroa Gregori has a unique taste, described as a blend of banana, pear, and vanilla flavors, making it quite appealing to those who enjoy distinct flavors.
3. Casimiroa Tetrameria: Also known as “Bob’s Delight,” this variety is popular for its sweet taste and firm, granular flesh. The fruit is larger in size compared to other White Sapote varieties, and its texture is somewhat akin to a pear.
4. Sue Belle: The Sue Belle variety is recognized for its juicy and sweet flavor, making it a delightful choice for fresh consumption. It has a thinner skin compared to other varieties and tends to be slightly more acidic.
5. White Casimiroa: The White Casimiroa variety is characterized by its white flesh, distinct from the more common creamy-yellow color of other White Sapote varieties. It has a pleasant and mild flavor, which some describe as similar to sweet lemon or peach.
6. CAS 7-1: CAS 7-1 is a newer variety that has been developed through breeding programs. It is known for its sweet and aromatic flavor, making it an attractive choice for both fresh consumption and culinary uses.

Propagation

To sprout a sapote seed, you need to,

• let the fresh seed dry
• plant in a container of moist soil.

Note: They can also be propagated by air layering, which is commonly done by commercial growers. Seeds should be planted within 3 weeks of harvesting from the fruit, and seedlings may begin to bear in 3 to 4 years.

White sapote seedlings can be bought via +254 724559286

Cost of Production

The cost of production for white sapote fruit farming in Kenya varies depending on a number of factors, including the size of the farm, the location of the farm, and the variety of white sapote grown. However, a general estimate of the cost of production is as follows:

• Land: The cost of land for white sapote farming in Kenya varies depending on the location of the land. However, a general estimate is KES 50,000 per acre.
• Seedlings: The cost of seedlings for white sapote farming in Kenya varies depending on the variety of white sapote grown. However, a general estimate is KES 500 per seedling.
• Fertilizer: The cost of fertilizer for white sapote farming in Kenya varies depending on the type of fertilizer used. However, a general estimate is KES 10,000 per acre per year.
• Pesticides: The cost of pesticides for white sapote farming in Kenya varies depending on the type of pesticides used. However, a general estimate is KES 5,000 per acre per year.
• Water: The cost of water for white sapote farming in Kenya varies depending on the source of water. However, a general estimate is KES 10,000 per acre per year.
• Labor: The cost of labor for white sapote farming in Kenya varies depending on the location of the farm and the season. However, a general estimate is KES 20,000 per acre per year.

Total cost of production: The total cost of production for white sapote farming in Kenya is estimated to be KES 135,000 per acre per year.

Profitability

The profitability of white sapote fruit farming in Kenya depends on a number of factors, including the yield of the crop, the price of the fruit, and the cost of production. However, a general estimate of the profitability is as follows:

• Yield: The yield of white sapote fruit farming in Kenya varies depending on the variety of white sapote grown and the management practices used. However, a general estimate is 10 tons per acre per year.
• Price: The price of white sapote fruit in Kenya varies depending on the season and the quality of the fruit. However, a general estimate is KES 100 per kilogram.
• Profit: The profit from white sapote fruit farming in Kenya is estimated to be KES 50,000 per acre per year.

Caring for White Sapote

In subtropical to temperate or arid regions, white sapote trees should be watered immediately after planting, then every other day for the first week, and one to two times per week for about two months. Young trees should be watered during dry periods of five days or longer. They do not require water in excess during wet seasons.

In more tropical areas with higher humidity and more frequent rainfall, the trees will require little to no extra watering. It is better to err on the side of inadequate water than excess water, as they are susceptible to root rot.

The trees prefer full sun and well-drained soil, although they are known to be hardy and able to endure both mild frost and drought. In drier, hotter areas, the trees will benefit from partial shade. They do not require any extra fertilizer or compost and are able to flourish in a variety of soil types, assuming the soil does not hold extra moisture after rains.

The fruits are susceptible to fruit flies if left on the tree to ripen. There may be a subtle exchange of flavor for bugless fruit, but it is worth clipping the fruit off just a bit early to ensure that you beat the flies to the tasty treat. Additionally, scale bugs have been known to damage the leaves.

Fertilizer Application

Most farmers do not apply fertilizers to White Sapote compared to other trees. However, it is very essential to have regular application of nitrogen fertilizer for enormous productivity.

Pruning

It is very important to prune your farm in a bid to control the size and secondarily shape of the fruit.

Pests and Diseases

White sapote may be attacked by bugs and aphids but snails are the major pests that need to be controlled since they damage the fruit. Phytophthora and armillaria are not a nuisance.

Harvesting and Storage

White sapote has very thin skin thus provides little protection against bruises. The growers should ensure that they don’t pick under ripe fruit as it will pick up unpalatable bitterness. Careful selection of cultivars can mitigate these drawbacks. Of importance to note, is that delicate flavor of white sapote is easily lost if mixed with other fruits such as lemon to provide a better acid, sweetness balance.

Market for white sapote fruit

The white sapote fruit farming market in Kenya is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to grow significantly in the coming years. White sapote is a tropical fruit that is native to Mexico and Central America. It is a member of the custard apple family, and it has a creamy, custard-like flesh. The fruit is also known as the “Mexican apple” or the “sweetsop.”

White sapote is a relatively new fruit in Kenya, and it is not yet widely cultivated. However, there is a growing demand for the fruit, and there are a number of farmers who are starting to grow it. The main production areas for white sapote in Kenya are the coastal regions and the Rift Valley.

The market for white sapote in Kenya is still small, but it is growing rapidly. The fruit is mainly consumed fresh, but it can also be used to make juice, smoothies, and desserts. The demand for white sapote is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, as more people become aware of the fruit and its nutritional benefits.

The main challenges facing the white sapote fruit farming market in Kenya are:

• Lack of awareness: Many Kenyans are not yet familiar with white sapote, and this limits the demand for the fruit.
• High cost of production: White sapote is a relatively expensive fruit to produce, due to the high cost of seedlings and the need for irrigation.
• Lack of infrastructure: There is a lack of infrastructure for the marketing and distribution of white sapote in Kenya.

However, there are also a number of opportunities for the white sapote fruit farming market in Kenya:

• Growing demand: The demand for white sapote is growing rapidly, as more people become aware of the fruit and its nutritional benefits.
• Favorable climate: Kenya has a favorable climate for growing white sapote.
• Potential for export: There is a potential for exporting white sapote to other countries, such as the United States and Europe.

Overall, the white sapote fruit farming market in Kenya has the potential to grow significantly in the coming years. However, there are a number of challenges that need to be addressed in order to realize this potential. These challenges include increasing awareness of the fruit, reducing the cost of production, and improving the infrastructure for marketing and distribution.

FAQs

1. What is white sapote?

White sapote is a tropical fruit that is native to Mexico and Central America. It is a member of the custard apple family, and it has a creamy, custard-like flesh. The fruit is also known as the “Mexican apple” or the “sweetsop.”

2. What are the benefits of white sapote?

White sapote is a good source of vitamins A and C, as well as potassium. It also contains antioxidants that can help protect against cell damage.

3. What is the best time to plant white sapote in Kenya?

The best time to plant white sapote in Kenya is during the rainy season. This will help to ensure that the plants have enough water to establish themselves.

4. What is the best variety of white sapote to grow in Kenya?

There are a number of varieties of white sapote that can be grown in Kenya. Some of the most popular varieties include:

* **Custard apple:** This variety is known for its sweet, custard-like flesh.
* **Sweetsop:** This variety is also known for its sweet flesh. It is a bit more tart than custard apple, but it is still very delicious.
* **Pachira aquatica:** This variety is a bit more difficult to grow than other varieties, but it is known for its large, sweet fruits.

5. How much space does a white sapote tree need?

White sapote trees can grow to be quite large, so they need plenty of space. A mature white sapote tree can reach a height of 30 feet and a width of 20 feet.

6. How much sunlight does a white sapote tree need?

White sapote trees need full sun to thrive. They will not do well in shaded areas.

7. How much water does a white sapote tree need?

White sapote trees need regular watering, especially during the first year after planting. Once the trees are established, they can tolerate some drought.

8. What kind of soil does a white sapote tree need?

White sapote trees prefer well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. They will not do well in heavy clay soils.

9. How do I fertilize a white sapote tree?

White sapote trees should be fertilized once a year in the spring. A balanced fertilizer, such as 10-10-10, can be used.

10. How do I prune a white sapote tree?

White sapote trees should be pruned in the late winter or early spring. The goal of pruning is to remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches.

11. How do I control pests and diseases on a white sapote tree?

White sapote trees are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including mealybugs, scale insects, and anthracnose. These pests and diseases can be controlled with a variety of methods, including:

* **Sanitation:** Removing dead, diseased, or damaged leaves and branches can help to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.
* **Chemical control:** Insecticides and fungicides can be used to control pests and diseases.
* **Biological control:** Beneficial insects, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can be used to control pests.

12. When do white sapote trees fruit?

White sapote trees typically begin to fruit after 3-4 years of age. The fruits are usually ripe in the summer or fall.

13. How long do white sapote fruits last?

White sapote fruits will last for a few days at room temperature. They can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week.

14. How do I eat white sapote fruit?

White sapote fruit can be eaten fresh, or it can be used to make juice, smoothies, and desserts.

15. How do I store white sapote seeds?

White sapote seeds can be stored in a cool, dry place for up to a year.

16. How do I germinate white sapote seeds?

White sapote seeds can be germinated in a pot of well-drained soil. The seeds should be planted about 1/2 inch deep.

17. Where can I buy white sapote seedlings in Kenya?

White sapote seedlings can be bought from a number of nurseries in Kenya. Some of the most popular nurseries include:

* **Fruit Africa Nursery:** This nursery is located in Nairobi 0790509684.
* **Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nursery:** This nursery is located in Juja.
* **Farmers Trend Nursery:** We have a number of nurseries across Kenya 0724559286.

18. What is the future of white sapote farming in Kenya?

The future of white sapote farming in Kenya is bright. The demand for white sapote fruit is growing, and the crop is well-suited to the Kenyan climate.

19. What are the challenges of white sapote farming in Kenya?

The main challenges of white sapote farming in Kenya include:

* **Pests and diseases:** White sapote trees are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases.
* **High cost of production:** White sapote is a relatively expensive crop to produce.
* **Limited availability of seedlings:** White sapote seedlings are not always available in Kenya.

20. What are the opportunities for white sapote farming in Kenya?

The opportunities for white sapote farming in Kenya include:

* **Growing demand:** The demand for white sapote fruit is growing.
* **Favorable climate:** Kenya has a favorable climate for growing white sapote.
* **Potential for export:** There is a potential for exporting white sapote to other countries.

21. How can I get started with white sapote farming in Kenya?

The first step to getting started with white sapote farming in Kenya is to do your research. Learn about the crop, the pests and diseases that affect it, and the best practices for growing it.

22. Where can I find more information on white sapote farming in Kenya?

There are a number of resources available for learning more about white sapote farming in Kenya. Some of these resources include:

* **The Kenya Ministry of Agriculture:** This ministry has a number of publications on white sapote farming.
* **The Kenya Seed Company:** This company has a website with information on white sapote farming.
* **The Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI):** This institute has a number of research stations that conduct research on white sapote farming.

23. What are the future prospects for white sapote farming in Kenya?

The future prospects for white sapote farming in Kenya are positive. The demand for white sapote fruit is growing, and the crop is well-suited to the Kenyan climate.

24. What are the challenges that need to be addressed in order to make white sapote farming in Kenya more competitive?

The main challenges that need to be addressed in order to make white sapote farming in Kenya more competitive include:

* **Pests and diseases:** The need to develop more effective pest and disease control methods.
* **High cost of production:** The need to reduce the cost of production.
* **Limited availability of seedlings:** The need to increase the availability of white sapote seedlings.

25. What are the recommendations for white sapote farming in Kenya?

The recommendations for white sapote farming in Kenya include:

* **Do your research:** Learn about the crop, the pests and diseases that affect it, and the best practices for growing it.
* **Start small:** If you are new to white sapote farming, start with a small plot of land.
* **Be patient:** White sapote trees take a few years to start fruiting.
* **Market your produce:** There is a growing demand for white sapote fruit, so make sure to market your produce.