Persimmons belong to the genus Diospyros in the ebony family and are fairly common trees in the
warmer regions of the world, particularly in Asia and North America. The genus contains almost 190 species, of which three are used in commercial fruit growing.

The persimmon, also known as kaki, is a major fruit in China, Japan and Korea; together, these nations produce more than one million tonnes annually. The fruit is also well known in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries and is ranked 14th in the world as the most consumed fruit after cherries and before avocados. In Kenya, persimmons are less known and are considered a minor crop.

The persimmon tree can be either a multi-trunk or single-stemmed deciduous tree that can grow to 6 metres at maturity. The branches are brittle and easily damaged by wind. The leaves are large and turn a dark glossy green as they age. Under mild autumn conditions the leaves often turn an attractive yellow, orange and red colour making them valuable as an ornamental tree.

Persimmon trees usually bear either male or female flowers but some trees can have both.

Benefit Of Persimmon Kaki Fruit

Persimmons offer several health benefits due to their nutritional composition. Here are some of the benefits associated with consuming persimmons:

1. High in Vitamins and Minerals: Persimmons are a rich source of vitamins and minerals. They are particularly high in vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and manganese. These nutrients contribute to maintaining healthy skin, boosting the immune system, promoting eye health, and supporting various physiological functions.
2. Fiber Content: Persimmons are a good source of dietary fiber, including both soluble and insoluble fiber. Fiber aids in digestion, helps maintain bowel regularity, and supports overall gut health. Consuming an adequate amount of fiber may also contribute to weight management and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
3. Antioxidant Properties: Persimmons contain various antioxidants, including carotenoids and flavonoids. These antioxidants help protect cells from damage caused by harmful free radicals and oxidative stress. Antioxidants have been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, including certain types of cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.
4. Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Some compounds found in persimmons, such as tannins and flavonoids, have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Consuming persimmons may help reduce inflammation in the body and potentially alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions.
5. Heart Health: The fiber, antioxidants, and other beneficial compounds in persimmons contribute to heart health. Regular consumption of persimmons has been linked to reduced levels of LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol), improved blood pressure control, and enhanced cardiovascular function.
6. Weight Management: Persimmons are relatively low in calories and fat, making them a healthy choice for those watching their weight. The fiber content also helps promote satiety, keeping you feeling fuller for longer and potentially aiding in weight management or weight loss efforts.
7. Eye Health: Persimmons contain significant amounts of vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining good vision and eye health. Vitamin A promotes proper functioning of the retina and helps protect against age-related macular degeneration and other eye-related conditions.
8. Digestive Health: The high fiber content in persimmons promotes healthy digestion by adding bulk to the stool and supporting regular bowel movements. This can help prevent constipation and promote a healthy gastrointestinal system.
9. Immune System Support: Persimmons are a good source of vitamin C, which plays a vital role in supporting the immune system. Vitamin C helps boost the production of white blood cells and antibodies, enhancing the body’s ability to fight off infections and illnesses.
10. Bone Health: Persimmons contain minerals such as calcium, potassium, and manganese, which are important for maintaining healthy bones. These minerals contribute to bone strength, density, and the prevention of conditions like osteoporosis.
11. Hydration: Persimmons have a high water content, which can help contribute to overall hydration. Staying hydrated is essential for various bodily functions, including regulating body temperature, supporting digestion, and maintaining healthy skin.
12. Skin Health: The antioxidants present in persimmons help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals and promote healthy skin. They can contribute to a more youthful appearance, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the risk of premature aging.
13. Eye Health: In addition to vitamin A, persimmons also contain other beneficial compounds like lutein and zeaxanthin, which are known to support eye health. These compounds help protect the eyes against oxidative stress and age-related macular degeneration.
14. Weight Management: Due to their high fiber content and relatively low calorie count, persimmons can be a satisfying and nutritious addition to a weight management or weight loss plan. The fiber helps promote feelings of fullness, reducing the likelihood of overeating.
15. Nutrient Diversity: Incorporating persimmons into your diet adds variety and diversity to your nutrient intake. Consuming a wide range of fruits and vegetables, including persimmons, ensures you obtain a broader spectrum of vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients necessary for optimal health.

A Complete Guide On Persimmon Kaki Fruit Farming In Kenya

Persimmon Kaki fruit, scientifically known as Diospyros kaki, is a popular fruit crop cultivated in various regions across the globe, including Kenya. This comprehensive guide provides essential information on persimmon farming, covering everything from site selection and land preparation to planting, care, and harvesting techniques.

Site Selection on Persimmon Kaki Fruit Farming In Kenya

Choose a suitable site that receives full sunlight exposure for at least 6 to 8 hours a day. Persimmon trees thrive in well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Avoid low-lying areas prone to waterlogging and strong winds, as they can negatively affect tree growth and fruit quality.

Site selection for persimmon fruit farming in Kenya involves evaluating several factors to ensure optimal conditions for growth and productivity. Here are the key considerations:

• Climate: Persimmons thrive in areas with a Mediterranean-like climate, characterized by mild winters and warm summers. The ideal temperature range for persimmon cultivation is between 10°C and 30°C. It is crucial to select a site with a suitable climate to support healthy growth and fruit development.
• Sunlight: Persimmon trees require full sun exposure for at least 6-8 hours per day to maximize photosynthesis and fruit production. Choose a site with minimal shading from surrounding structures or trees to ensure the trees receive ample sunlight throughout the day.
• Soil Quality: Persimmons grow best in well-drained soils with good water-holding capacity. The soil should be loamy or sandy loam, rich in organic matter, and have a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Conduct a soil analysis to determine its nutrient content and suitability for persimmon farming.
• Water Availability: Adequate water supply is essential for persimmon cultivation. Ensure the selected site has access to a reliable water source, as persimmon trees require regular irrigation, especially during dry periods. Consider the availability of water for both tree establishment and long-term maintenance.
• Wind Protection: Persimmon trees are susceptible to wind damage, particularly when laden with fruit. Select a site that offers natural windbreaks, such as trees or hills, or plan to implement artificial windbreaks to protect the trees from strong winds.
• Drainage: Good soil drainage is critical to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot and other diseases. Avoid low-lying areas prone to flooding or areas with heavy clay soils that retain water. Choose a site with well-drained soil to ensure optimum root health.

Land Preparation On Persimmon Kaki Fruit Farming In Kenya

Clear the land of any weeds, rocks, or debris before planting persimmon trees. Conduct soil tests to determine its fertility and nutrient content. Add organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil structure and fertility. Proper land preparation ensures good root development and overall tree health.

• Clear the land of any existing vegetation, rocks, or debris.
• Determine the desired grade or slope of the land and make necessary adjustments by adding or removing soil.
• Conduct a soil test to analyze its composition and fertility.
• Amend the soil based on the test results by adding organic matter, such as compost or manure, to improve its nutrient content and structure.
• Perform soil tilling or plowing to break up compacted soil and create a loose planting bed.
• Level the land using appropriate tools, such as a land leveler or grading blade, to ensure an even surface.
• Consider installing necessary drainage systems, such as ditches or French drains, to prevent waterlogging or erosion.
• Install any required infrastructure, such as irrigation systems or underground utilities.
• Conduct any additional site-specific land preparations required for the intended use, such as creating terraces, building retaining walls, or constructing raised beds.
• Complete any necessary paperwork or permits required for land preparation, depending on local regulations and zoning laws.
• Once the land is prepared, it is ready for the specific purpose, such as farming, construction, landscaping, or any other intended use.

Note: The level of detail and specific steps required for land preparation may vary depending on the size, condition of the land, and its intended use.

Varieties Of Persimmon Kaki Fruit In Kenya

Choose persimmon varieties suitable for the climatic conditions of Kenya. Some popular varieties grown in other regions include Fuyu, Jiro, Fuping Jianshi, and Eureka. Consult local agronomists or nurseries such as Fruit Africa or Farmers Trend to identify the best cultivars for your specific region.

Here’s a table providing information on various varieties of persimmons grown in Kenya, along with their characteristics, production per acre, and additional details:

Remember, the information provided is based on general characteristics and may vary depending on specific growing conditions and farming practices. It’s crucial to consult an agronomist or extension services for the most accurate and up-to-date information tailored to your region.

Proper care, including regular irrigation, appropriate fertilization, pest and disease control, and timely harvesting, is essential to ensure healthy tree growth and maximize production. Regular monitoring and maintenance, such as pruning and thinning, can also help promote optimal fruit quality and yield.

When planning to cultivate persimmons, consider factors such as soil suitability, climate, water availability, and market demand. Conducting a feasibility study and seeking guidance from agricultural experts will aid in making informed decisions and achieving successful persimmon cultivation in Kenya.

Propagation Of Persimmon Kaki Fruit In Kenya

Persimmons can be propagated through seeds or vegetative methods such as grafting or budding. Grafting onto a compatible rootstock is the most common method for commercial cultivation, as it guarantees reliable and consistent fruit production. Seek guidance from experienced farmers or nursery professionals for successful propagation techniques.

Step by Step Growing Guide

• Collect ripe persimmon kaki fruits from healthy and mature trees.
• Extract the seeds from the persimmon fruits.
• Clean the extracted seeds to remove any remaining flesh or debris.
• Prepare a well-draining planting medium, such as a mixture of sandy soil and organic compost.
• Moisten the planting medium to ensure it is slightly damp but not waterlogged.
• Place the cleaned persimmon seeds in the planting medium, spacing them out evenly.
• Gently press the seeds into the planting medium, ensuring they are partially covered.
• Place the planting tray or container in a warm and well-lit area, such as a greenhouse or near a sunny window.
• Maintain consistent moisture in the planting medium by watering regularly but avoiding overwatering.
• After a few weeks, small seedlings should start to emerge from the planted persimmon seeds.
• Once the seedlings have grown a few inches tall and have developed several leaves, they can be carefully transplanted into individual pots or containers.
• Use a similar planting medium as before, ensuring good drainage.
• Continue to provide adequate sunlight, water, and regular fertilization to the persimmon seedlings.
• Monitor the seedlings for pests, diseases, or any other issues and take appropriate measures to address them.
• As the persimmon seedlings grow and mature, consider providing support or trellises to help them grow upright.
• After a suitable period of growth, typically a year or two, the persimmon trees should be ready for field planting or transplanting to their permanent location.

Planting Persimmon

Prepare planting holes that are wide and deep enough to accommodate the persimmon tree’s root system. Space the trees at least 15 to 20 feet apart to ensure adequate airflow and sunlight penetration. Plant the trees at the same depth they were growing at the nursery, making sure the graft union is above ground level. Water the trees thoroughly after planting.

1. Select a Suitable Site:
   • Choose a location with full sun exposure, as persimmons thrive in bright sunlight.
   • Ensure the soil is well-draining and has good fertility. Persimmons prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5.
2. Obtain Healthy Seedlings or prepare your own seedlings as per above:
   • Purchase or obtain healthy persimmon seedlings from a reputable nursery or supplier.
   • Select seedlings that have a well-developed root system and healthy foliage.
3. Prepare the Planting Hole:
   • Dig a hole that is twice as wide and deep as the root ball of the seedling.
   • Loosen the soil in the planting hole to ensure good root penetration.
4. Planting the Seedling:
   • Place the persimmon seedling in the center of the hole.
   • Gently spread out the roots and ensure the plant is positioned at the same depth as it was in the nursery container.
   • Backfill the hole with soil, firming it gently around the roots to remove air pockets.
5. Watering and Mulching:
   • Immediately after planting, water the seedling thoroughly to settle the soil around the roots.
   • Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of the seedling, leaving a gap around the stem to prevent rot.
6. Support and Protection:
   • If necessary, provide a sturdy stake or support for the young seedling to protect it from strong winds or potential damage.
   • Consider using tree guards or fencing to protect the seedling from browsing animals.
7. Irrigation and Maintenance:
   • Water the newly planted persimmon regularly, keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
   • Monitor the plant for any signs of pests, diseases, or nutrient deficiencies and take appropriate action.
   • Prune the seedling during the dormant season to shape the tree and remove any damaged or crossing branches.
8. Continued Care:
   • As the persimmon tree grows, continue to provide regular watering, especially during dry periods.
   • Fertilize the tree annually with a balanced fertilizer, following the recommended application rates.
   • Monitor for pests and diseases and apply appropriate control measures as needed.

It’s important to note that persimmon trees grown from seedlings may take several years to bear fruit. If you’re looking for faster and more reliable fruit production, consider obtaining grafted persimmon trees that are already known to produce desirable fruit. Reach out to Farmers Trend nurseries for Persimmon Seedings via 0724-559286

Irrigation

Provide regular and consistent irrigation during the tree’s initial establishment period. Young trees require frequent watering to establish deep roots. As the trees mature, reduce the frequency but increase the amount of water applied. Drip irrigation systems are recommended to ensure efficient water use and reduce the risk of disease development.

Fertilization and Spray Program On Persimmon Kaki Fruit Farming In Kenya

Fertilization and spray programs are essential for the healthy growth and protection of persimmon trees.

It’s important to note that specific fertilization and spray programs may vary based on local conditions, climate, pest and disease pressures, and the recommendations of agricultural experts or extension service providers. Always read and follow the instructions on fertilizer and pesticide labels, and consider consulting with agronomists for tailored advice based on your specific region and circumstances.

Here’s a general guideline for fertilization and spray programs for persimmons:

Fertilization:

1. Soil Testing: Before applying any fertilizers, it’s recommended to conduct a soil test to determine the nutrient levels and pH of the soil. This will help you understand the specific fertilizer requirements for your persimmon trees.
2. Balanced Fertilizer Application: Persimmon trees generally benefit from a balanced fertilizer with an NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) ratio such as 10-10-10 or 14-14-14. The amount of fertilizer required will depend on the soil test results and the age of the tree.
3. Annual Fertilization Schedule: Apply the fertilizer in early spring just before the tree breaks dormancy. For young persimmon trees, use around ¼ to ½ pound (113 to 227 grams) of the balanced fertilizer per tree. Increase the amount gradually as the tree matures, following the recommended rates based on the soil test.
4. Fertilizer Placement: Spread the fertilizer evenly around the drip line of the tree, avoiding direct contact with the trunk. Water the area thoroughly after applying the fertilizer to help it penetrate into the soil.
5. Organic Matter: Incorporating organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, into the soil around the base of the tree can also improve soil fertility and nutrient availability.

Spray Program:

1. Dormant Season: During the dormant season (winter), apply a dormant oil spray to control overwintering pests, such as scales or mites. Follow the product instructions carefully.
2. Early Spring: As the buds begin to swell but before they open, apply a fungicide spray to protect against fungal diseases like powdery mildew or anthracnose. Copper-based fungicides are commonly used for this purpose. Follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
3. Insect Control: Monitor the tree regularly for insect pests such as aphids, thrips, or mites. If an infestation is detected, apply an appropriate insecticide following the instructions on the product label. Take care to select products safe for persimmon trees and follow any pre-harvest intervals specified on the label.
4. Timing: Repeat fungicide and insecticide sprays as necessary throughout the growing season, following the recommended application intervals mentioned on the product labels. Be sure to stop spraying a sufficient period before harvest to meet any pre-harvest intervals specified on the labels.
5. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Consider implementing an integrated pest management approach, which combines cultural practices (such as proper sanitation, pruning, and removing diseased plant material), biological controls, and targeted pesticide use to minimize the impact on beneficial insects and the environment.

Pruning and Training Persimmon Kaki Trees

Prune persimmon trees during the dormant period to remove dead, weak, or diseased branches. Thinning overcrowded branches improves airflow, reduces the risk of diseases, and allows for better light penetration. Train young trees using an open-center or modified central leader system for optimal tree structure and easier management.

Pest and Disease Management Of Persimmon

Monitor the orchard regularly for signs of pests and diseases. Common pests affecting persimmon trees include aphids, mites, mealybugs, and fruit flies. Implement integrated pest management techniques, such as cultural practices, biological control, and judicious use of approved pesticides to manage pest populations effectively.

Here’s a table outlining common pests of persimmon trees

It’s important to note that the control and management strategies mentioned above are general recommendations. Specific pest management approaches may vary depending on factors such as the severity of infestation and the use of integrated pest management practices. Always follow the instructions on pesticide labels and consult with agronomists or extension services for the most accurate and up-to-date recommendations for your region.

Here’s a table outlining common diseases of persimmon trees

Please note that the control and management strategies mentioned above are general recommendations. The specific approach may vary depending on factors such as the severity of the disease and the use of integrated pest management practices. Always follow the instructions on fungicide or bactericide labels and consult with agronomists or extension services for the most accurate and up-to-date recommendations for your region.

Harvesting and Post-Harvest Care

Persimmon fruit is ready for harvest when it develops its characteristic color and becomes firm. However, certain varieties, like Fuyu, can be harvested when they are still slightly crisp. Gently harvest the fruit to avoid damage. Sort and grade the fruit based on size and quality. Store the harvested fruit in a cool, dry place to maximize shelf life.

Here’s a guide on harvesting and post-harvest care for persimmons:

1. Harvesting Time:
   • Persimmons are typically harvested when they have reached full maturity and achieved their desired ripeness.
   • The harvesting time can vary depending on the variety, but it’s generally when the fruit has developed its characteristic color and is firm yet slightly soft.
2. Harvesting Techniques:
   • Use pruning shears or sharp scissors to cut the fruit from the tree, leaving a short stem attached.
   • Handle the fruit carefully to avoid bruising or damaging the delicate skin.
3. Sorting and Grading:
   • Sort the harvested persimmons based on their size, color, and quality.
   • Remove any damaged or blemished fruits for immediate consumption or processing.
4. Storage Conditions:
   • Persimmons are typically stored at room temperature until they reach the desired ripeness.
   • Place the fruit in a single layer in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight.
   • Avoid stacking or piling the fruit, as this can cause bruising and spoilage.
5. Ripening Process:
   • Persimmons can be ripened by placing them in a closed paper bag with a ripe apple or banana. The ethylene gas released by the apple or banana will accelerate the ripening process of the persimmons.
   • Check the fruit daily to monitor their ripening progress and remove any overripe fruits.
6. Refrigeration:
   • Once the persimmons have reached the desired ripeness, they can be stored in the refrigerator to prolong their shelf life.
   • Place the fruit in a perforated plastic bag or a container with ventilation to prevent excess moisture buildup.
7. Handling and Transportation:
   • When handling or transporting persimmons, be gentle to avoid bruising or damaging the fruit.
   • Keep the fruits cool and protect them from direct sunlight and extreme temperature fluctuations.
8. Market Preparation:
   • Prior to selling or distributing persimmons, clean them gently with a soft cloth or brush to remove any dirt or debris.
   • Package the fruit carefully in appropriate containers or cartons, considering their size, weight, and susceptibility to damage.

Proper harvesting and post-harvest care will help ensure that persimmons retain their quality, flavor, and shelf life, making them more appealing to consumers and enhancing their market value.

FAQs

1. What are the different types of persimmons grown in Kenya?

There are two main types of persimmons grown in Kenya: Fuyu and Hachiya. Fuyu persimmons are the most common type and are known for their sweet, orange flesh. Hachiya persimmons are less common, but they are prized for their rich, pudding-like texture.

2. What are the best conditions for growing persimmons in Kenya?

Persimmon trees grow best in a slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH of 6.0 to 6.5. They also need full sun and well-drained soil.

3. When is the best time to plant persimmon trees in Kenya?

The best time to plant persimmon trees in Kenya is during the rainy season. This will help the trees establish their roots and get off to a good start.

4. How far apart should persimmon trees be planted?

Persimmon trees should be planted 20 to 30 feet apart. This will give them enough space to grow and spread their branches.

5. How much water do persimmon trees need?

Persimmon trees need regular watering, especially during the first year after planting. Once they are established, they can tolerate some drought conditions.

6. How much fertilizer do persimmon trees need?

Persimmon trees need a light application of fertilizer every spring. A balanced fertilizer, such as 10-10-10, is a good choice.

7. How long does it take for persimmon trees to bear fruit?

Persimmon trees can start to bear fruit in 3 to 5 years. However, it may take up to 7 years for them to reach full production.

8. What are the different pests and diseases that affect persimmon trees?

Persimmon trees are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including scale, mealybugs, anthracnose, and leaf spot. It is important to inspect your trees regularly and take action if you see any signs of pests or diseases.

9. How do you harvest persimmons?

Persimmons are typically harvested in the fall. Fuyu persimmons can be eaten when they are ripe, while Hachiya persimmons need to be slightly underripe in order to be eaten.

10. How do you store persimmons?

Fuyu persimmons can be stored at room temperature for a few days. Hachiya persimmons can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week.

11. How do you prepare persimmons?

Persimmons can be eaten fresh, cooked, or dried. They can also be used in a variety of recipes, including pies, cakes, and salads.

12. What are the health benefits of persimmons?

Persimmons are a good source of vitamins A and C, as well as fiber. They also contain antioxidants, which can help protect the body against damage from free radicals.

13. What are some of the challenges of growing persimmons in Kenya?

Some of the challenges of growing persimmons in Kenya include:

• The trees are susceptible to pests and diseases.
• The trees need full sun, which can be difficult to find in some areas of Kenya.
• The trees can take several years to bear fruit.

14. What are some of the benefits of growing persimmons in Kenya?

Some of the benefits of growing persimmons in Kenya include:

• The trees are relatively easy to care for.
• The trees are drought tolerant.
• The fruit is delicious and versatile.

15. What are the different ways to propagate persimmon trees?

Persimmon trees can be propagated by seed, grafting, or air layering. Seed propagation is the most common method, but it can take several years for the trees to bear fruit. Grafting is a faster way to propagate persimmon trees, and the trees will start to bear fruit in a few years. Air layering is a more challenging method, but it can be used to propagate rare or valuable varieties of persimmon trees.

16. Where can I buy persimmon trees in Kenya?

Persimmon trees are available for purchase from a number of nurseries in Kenya. You can also find them online. When buying persimmon trees, it is important to choose a reputable nursery that sells healthy, disease-free trees.

17. What are the best marketing strategies for persimmon farmers in Kenya?

There are a number of marketing strategies that persimmon farmers in Kenya can use to sell their fruit. These include:

• Selling directly to consumers at farmers markets or roadside stands.
• Selling to local businesses, such as restaurants and grocery stores.
• Exporting persimmons to other countries.

18. What are the challenges and opportunities for persimmon farming in Kenya?

The challenges for persimmon farming in Kenya include:

• The lack of awareness of persimmons among consumers.
• The high cost of inputs, such as fertilizer and pesticides.
• The competition from other fruit crops, such as avocados and mangoes.

The opportunities for persimmon farming in Kenya include:

• The growing demand for persimmons in both the local and international markets.
• The suitability of the Kenyan climate for growing persimmons.
• The potential for high profits from persimmon farming.

19. What are the future trends for persimmon farming in Kenya?

The future trends for persimmon farming in Kenya are likely to include:

• The increasing awareness of persimmons among consumers.
• The development of new varieties of persimmons that are better suited to the Kenyan climate.
• The growth of the export market for persimmons.

Do you have any questions, suggestions, or other contributions? Kindly use the comment box provided below for all your contributions. You are also encouraged to please kindly share this article with others you feel can benefit from this information if found useful enough as we may not be able to reach everyone at the same time. Thank you so much for sharing!

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