Cara Cara Orange Farming in Kenya: A Comprehensive Cultivation Guide

Cara Cara oranges are a special type of orange that is red inside and very sweet. They are becoming more and more popular in Kenya, and many farmers are starting to grow them. This article details on how to grow Cara Cara oranges in Kenya.

Cara Caras have the same round shape and bright orange rind as traditional navels. What really sets these oranges apart is what’s on the inside! Cara Cara oranges have distinct pinkish-red and orange flesh. It’s not just their beautiful color that makes them stand out — they have a remarkable taste that goes right along with it. Compared to traditional navels, Cara Caras are sweeter, slightly tangy, and less acidic, with a hint of red fruit, like cranberry or blackberry. And if that’s not enough, they’re seedless, too.

Apart from Cara Cara orange, other citrus orange varieties are doing well in Kenya, each contributing to the country’s food security. The Pixie orange, with its seedless nature and compact size, has found favor among consumers seeking a convenient and flavorful fruit. Tangerines, another popular choice, delight with their sweet, juicy and sweetness. The Washington orange, a traditional favorite, continues to hold a strong presence in Kenyan farms, valued for its reliable yields and versatility.

Region like Makueni County, in the southeastern part of Kenya, is especially famous for its oranges. The warm weather and well-drained soil there make it a perfect place for citrus trees to grow. Makueni’s reputation for high-quality oranges has attracted buyers from all over the world, making it a major player in Kenya’s citrus industry.

History Of Cara Cara Orange

Cara Cara oranges exist as the result of a mutation of the Navel Orange. Actually, Navel Oranges came into being as the result of a mutation, too.

Navel Orange trees have been in existence since 1820 when they first appeared in Brazil. The Navel Orange bears a seedless orange. Instead of seeds, it has a secondary fruit underneath a “navel” at the end of the fruit.

Since Navel Orange trees don’t make seeds, they can only be reproduced by grafting a branch of an existing Navel Orange tree onto another kind of citrus rootstock. Every Navel Orange Tree in the world was a clone of the original Navel Orange tree discovered in Brazil, that is, until 1976.

Its tale began in Venezuela in 1976, when a serendipitous mutation on a Washington navel orange tree at Hacienda Cara Cara, the inspiration for its name, gave rise to oranges with a distinct red hue. This remarkable discovery marked the beginning of a captivating journey that would eventually bring this unique citrus gem to the farms of Kenya.

It was introduced to Kenya in the late 1990s by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). ICRAF, in collaboration with the Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) now KALRO, sought to introduce new and improved citrus varieties to Kenyan farmers.

The Cara Cara orange, with its adaptability to diverse climatic conditions and its high market value, was identified as a promising variety for cultivation in Kenya. ICRAF and KARI established demonstration plots in different regions of Kenya to showcase the Cara Cara orange’s potential to farmers.

The introduction of the Cara Cara orange was met with enthusiasm from Kenyan farmers, who were impressed by its unique characteristics and potential for profitability. ICRAF and KARI provided training and support to farmers on the cultivation practices and market channels for the Cara Cara orange.

Over time, the Cara Cara orange gained popularity among Kenyan farmers and became a significant part of the country’s citrus production.

Cara Cara Orange Tree Fruit Characteristics

Cara Cara oranges have orange peels like other oranges, but they will return to green if stored in a warm place after picking. This usually isn’t a problem, because they are extremely sweet with a cranberry-like aftertaste. They are less acidic than other oranges and have enticing floral aromas in the juice and fruit.

Cara Cara oranges have so many nutritional advantages over other oranges that we will discuss them in a separate article. First, we will give you some essential information about how to grow your own Cara Cara Orange tree.

Cara Cara Orange Growing Regions

Cara Cara orange trees thrive in specific planting zones in Kenya, where the climate and environmental conditions are conducive to their growth. These zones typically feature warm temperatures, plenty of sunlight, and moderate rainfall. In Kenya, the cultivation of Cara Cara orange trees is particularly successful in regions with suitable agro-climatic conditions.

Cara Cara orange trees are best planted in USDA hardiness zones 9-11 in Kenya. This means that they can tolerate temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-7 degrees Celsius). However, they will not survive temperatures below 15 degrees Fahrenheit (-9 degrees Celsius).

The best time to plant Cara Cara orange trees in Kenya is during the rainy season, which is typically from March to May. This is because the trees need a lot of water to establish themselves. However, they can also be planted during the dry season, as long as they are watered regularly.

Cara Cara orange trees need full sun to grow properly. They should be planted in a location that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. The soil should be well-drained and sandy or loamy.

Cara Cara Orange Seedlings In Kenya

Cara Cara seedlings can be purchased at Farmers Trend nurseries via +254 724559286 or +254790509684

Ecological Conditions

Cara Cara orange trees, like many citrus varieties, thrive in specific ecological conditions that provide the necessary elements for their growth and fruit production. These trees are ideally suited to regions with a tropical to subtropical climate, characterized by wet and dry seasons.

Firstly, temperature is a critical factor. Cara Cara oranges prefer warm temperatures, typically between 20 to 30 degrees Celsius (68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). The central and eastern regions of Kenya, including areas like Murang’a, Thika, and Meru, offer these favorable temperatures, creating an environment where the orange trees can flourish.

Secondly, sunlight is essential for citrus trees, including Cara Cara oranges, to undergo photosynthesis and produce fruit. These oranges require full sunlight for most of the day. Regions with abundant sunlight, such as those in the central and eastern parts of Kenya, provide the necessary conditions for optimal growth and fruit development.

Thirdly, rainfall patterns play a crucial role in the ecological suitability for Cara Cara orange cultivation. While these trees need consistent moisture, they are sensitive to waterlogged conditions. Areas with well-distributed rainfall, such as the central and eastern regions, offer the right balance for healthy tree development.

The soil quality is another important consideration. Citrus trees, including Cara Cara oranges, prefer well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Regions with loamy or sandy soils that allow for good drainage are ideal. Farmers often undertake soil tests to ensure that the chosen planting zones have the appropriate soil conditions for successful orange cultivation. Cara Cara orange trees thrive in well-draining soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range. The ideal soil pH for growing Cara Cara oranges is between 6.0 and 7.0.

Altitude is also a factor in the ecological conditions for Cara Cara orange trees. While they are generally suited to lower altitudes, some areas in higher altitudes with specific microclimates may also support their growth. It’s crucial for farmers to consider the local topography and altitude variations within their selected planting zones.

Cara Cara Orange Tree Pollination

Cara Cara Orange trees are self-pollinating. You do not need another orange tree in close proximity for good production of fruit. Brushing pollen from one flower to another will help your tree set more fruit.

Cara Cara Orange Production Per Acre

With a planting spacing of 4×5 meters, you can typically accommodate around 250 Cara Cara orange trees per acre. This spacing allows for an orchard layout that maximizes sunlight exposure, facilitates air circulation, and provides adequate space for the trees to grow and bear fruit.

Alternatively, with a slightly wider spacing of 5×5 meters, you would accommodate fewer trees per acre, usually around 150 trees. This wider spacing may be chosen for various reasons, such as specific soil and climatic conditions, orchard management practices, or equipment accessibility within the orchard.

Cara Cara orange trees generally reach maturity for commercial production in about 4 to 5 years after planting. However, they may start producing small quantities of fruit as early as the third year.

In the early years, the yield per tree may be lower, gradually increasing as the trees mature.

Hhere is a table of the expected fruit production per Cara Cara orange tree from year 1 to year 10:

These figures are general estimates and can vary based on specific conditions and agricultural practices. It’s important for farmers to monitor the health of their orchards, implement proper care practices, and consider local factors to achieve optimal yields.

Nutritional Value

Cara Cara oranges are a source of vitamin A to maintain healthy organ functioning, vitamin C to strengthen the immune system while reducing inflammation, and fiber to regulate the digestive tract. The variety also provides folate to produce RNA and DNA, potassium to balance fluid levels within the body, and other nutrients, including calcium, manganese, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and iron. The fruit’s red-pink flesh is created by the presence of the carotenoid lycopene, a natural compound and pigment with antioxidant-like properties to protect the cells against oxidative stress and the damage caused by free radicals.

FAQs

1. Q: What is Cara Cara Orange?

• A: Cara Cara Orange is a variety of navel orange known for its distinctive pinkish-red flesh, sweet flavor, and low acidity.

2. Q: Can Cara Cara oranges be grown in Kenya?

• A: Yes, Cara Cara oranges can be successfully grown in Kenya, especially in regions with suitable climatic conditions.

3. Q: What is the best time to plant Cara Cara orange trees in Kenya?

• A: The ideal time for planting Cara Cara orange trees in Kenya is during the rainy season, typically between March and May.

4. Q: What is the recommended spacing for Cara Cara orange trees?

• A: The recommended spacing is usually 4×5 meters, allowing for approximately 250 trees per acre.

5. Q: How long does it take for Cara Cara orange trees to start bearing fruit?

• A: Cara Cara orange trees typically start bearing fruit within 3 to 4 years after planting.

6. Q: What kind of soil is best for Cara Cara orange cultivation?

• A: Well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (between 6.0 and 7.0) is ideal for Cara Cara orange farming.

7. Q: How often should Cara Cara orange trees be irrigated?

• A: Regular irrigation is essential, especially during dry periods. However, overwatering should be avoided to prevent waterlogged conditions.

8. Q: Are Cara Cara oranges resistant to common citrus pests and diseases?

• A: While no citrus variety is completely immune, Cara Cara oranges are relatively resistant. Integrated pest management strategies are recommended.

9. Q: What is the expected yield per tree in the first few years?

• A: In the initial years (3-4), each tree may produce around 20 to 50 fruits, gradually increasing as the trees mature.

10. Q: Do Cara Cara orange trees require special fertilization? – A: Yes, regular fertilization with balanced citrus fertilizer is recommended, with specific attention to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

11. Q: Can Cara Cara oranges be grown organically? – A: Yes, organic cultivation is possible with the use of organic fertilizers, natural pest control methods, and sustainable practices.

12. Q: How should I protect my Cara Cara orchard from citrus canker? – A: Implementing strict orchard hygiene, using disease-free planting material, and practicing effective pest management can help prevent citrus canker.

13. Q: Are there any government programs or subsidies for Cara Cara orange farmers in Kenya? – A: Check with local agricultural authorities for information on available programs, subsidies, and support for citrus farmers.

14. Q: Can Cara Cara orange trees tolerate frost? – A: No, Cara Cara orange trees are sensitive to frost. Planting in areas prone to frost should be avoided.

15. Q: What is the best method for Cara Cara orange tree propagation? – A: Grafting onto disease-resistant rootstocks is the most common and successful method for propagating Cara Cara orange trees.

16. Q: How do I know when Cara Cara oranges are ripe for harvesting? – A: The fruit is ready for harvest when the skin turns orange, and the flavor is sweet and tangy. Regular taste tests are recommended.

17. Q: Can I grow Cara Cara oranges in containers? – A: While it’s possible, Cara Cara orange trees generally thrive better when planted in the ground.

18. Q: What post-harvest practices are recommended for Cara Cara oranges? – A: Proper washing, sorting, and storage in cool, ventilated conditions are essential post-harvest practices to maintain fruit quality.

19. Q: Are there any specific challenges faced by Cara Cara orange farmers in Kenya? – A: Challenges may include weather fluctuations, water availability, and market dynamics. Proper planning and adaptation strategies are crucial.

20. Q: Can I export Cara Cara oranges from Kenya to international markets? – A: Yes, compliance with international quality standards and certifications, such as GlobalG.A.P., can facilitate exports. Check with relevant authorities for specific requirements

Take Away

Cara Cara orange farming in Kenya presents a promising opportunity for agricultural enthusiasts and commercial growers alike. With its unique flavor profile, vibrant pinkish-red flesh, and increasing global demand for premium citrus fruits, Cara Cara oranges have carved a niche in the country’s diverse agricultural space. The success of cultivation largely depends on adherence to recommended planting practices, including proper spacing, soil preparation, and vigilant pest management. Kenyan farmers, particularly in regions such as Murang’a, Thika, Meru, and Makueni, have demonstrated the adaptability of Cara Cara orange trees to the local climate, contributing to the economic growth of these areas. As the orchards mature, farmers can anticipate a steady increase in production, making Cara Cara orange farming not only a rewarding venture but also a key player in Kenya’s contribution to the international citrus market. Continuous support from agricultural authorities, ongoing research, and the implementation of sustainable practices will further bolster the resilience and success of Cara Cara orange farming in Kenya in the years to come.