Pig Farming in Tsavo Kenya: A Sustainable Livelihood Alternative to Bushmeat and Charcoal

In Mwatate Sub-County, Kenya where households navigate farming with the pressures of a changing climate and limited income options, Hedlam Toli observed a troubling shift of young people turning to charcoal burning and bushmeat hunting in search of quick cash.

Pig Farming in Tsavo Kenya
Hedlam Toli posing for a photo with his pig.

Over time, these activities significantly undermined wildlife and the ecosystems that communities rely on. For Hedlam, this reality sparked a determination to find practical, sustainable livelihood options; however, the task often felt daunting.

Hedlam’s drive to support his community builds on years of experience in livestock management. For the past seven years, he has served as an Assistant Livestock Production Officer in Taita Taveta County, working across Maungu and Kasigau in Voi Sub-County and extending support to his hometown in Mwatate Sub-County.

He currently supports over 200 livestock farmers, advising on improved breeds, animal health, and market linkages, while remaining actively engaged in farming himself. Over time, the work has sharpened his ambitions to help more farmers succeed with climate-resilient enterprises that can compete with, and ultimately, replace destructive coping strategies.

Pig Farming in Tsavo Kenya
Hedlam Toli grooming his pigs.

Inside the TUI Wildlife Programme Pig Farming Initiative in the Tsavo Landscape

In March 2025, Toli’s nexus of personal ambition found a clear pathway when the TUI Wildlife Programme introduced a pig farming initiative—implemented by the African Wildlife Foundation—in his region, aimed at improving livelihoods and providing alternative protein sources.

As one of seven flagship farmers selected for the initiative, Hedlam noted, “In my region, pig farming is uncommon and often seen as an enterprise for the affluent; however, being selected gave me a responsibility and a chance to show young people that farming can provide sustainable income and be a viable alternative to destructive activities.”

To set the farmers up for success, the project focused on building skills and confidence by facilitating a benchmarking visit to a successful pig farming enterprise in the region, exposing them to proper feeding practices, pig housing standards, water management, and overall animal care.

Following this, in May 2025, Hedlam built a pig shed at his home and was provided with three pigs to kickstart his journey. He was also supplied with necessary inputs, such as animal feeds, enabling him to take full ownership of the enterprise and apply the skills he had learned.

“The market for pigs is readily available in my area, and I’m pleased that one of my pigs has already given birth to 13 piglets… With piglets selling for around 10,000 KSh each, and a mature pig weighing 220 kg fetching 500 KSh per kilogram, I can earn up to 230,000 KSh (approximately 1,530 USD) from a single cycle, ” Hedlam says.

Notably, Toli states that maintaining the pigs is manageable, involving routine feeding, grooming and deworming, and is far less hectic than other farming activities—especially as climate variability continues to affect crop and livestock production. Also, with a short gestation period of about three months, three weeks, and three days, pigs reproduce quickly, allowing farmers to expand their herds and increase income within a relatively short timeframe.

Pig Farming in Tsavo Kenya
Pigs provided through the TUI Wildlife Programme in Kenya.

“By linking pig farming to my daily work, I envision a growing network of pig farmer groups, greater participation in table banking due to its profitability, and the chance to share my knowledge with young people interested in venturing into the enterprise,” Hedlam reflects on how the initiative complements his work. “For me, pig farming represents more than a livelihood; it is a practical, climate-resilient pathway that strengthens communities while reinforcing conservation outcomes.”

Beyond income generation, the initiative aims to reduce pressure on natural resources linked to bushmeat hunting and charcoal production, offering communities a viable, sustainable alternative.

BY: African Wildlife Foundation

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